ABSTRACT
We investigated the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation on tumor growth, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and RelA gene and protein expression in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. Male Wistar rats (70 days old) were fed with regular chow (group W) or chow supplemented with 1 g/kg body weight FO daily (group WFO) until they reached 100 days of age. Both groups were then inoculated with a suspension of Walker 256 ascitic tumor cells (3×107 cells/mL). After 14 days the rats were killed, total RNA was isolated from the tumor tissue, and relative mRNA expression was measured using the 2-ΔΔCT method. FO significantly decreased tumor growth (W=13.18±1.58 vs WFO=5.40±0.88 g, P<0.05). FO supplementation also resulted in a significant decrease in COX-2 (W=100.1±1.62 vs WFO=59.39±5.53, P<0.001) and PPARγ (W=100.4±1.04 vs WFO=88.22±1.46, P<0.05) protein expression. Relative mRNA expression was W=1.06±0.022 vs WFO=0.31±0.04 (P<0.001) for COX-2, W=1.08±0.02 vs WFO=0.52±0.08 (P<0.001) for PPARγ, and W=1.04±0.02 vs WFO=0.82±0.04 (P<0.05) for RelA. FO reduced tumor growth by attenuating inflammatory gene expression associated with carcinogenesis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , /genetics , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , /genetics , Fish Oils/pharmacology , PPAR gamma/genetics , Transcription Factor RelA/genetics , /metabolism , Dietary Supplements , Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology , Eicosapentaenoic Acid/pharmacology , Fish Oils/chemistry , Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology , Immunoblotting , Rats, Wistar , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Transcription, Genetic/drug effectsABSTRACT
Muscle Lipid of Hilsha [Tenualosa ilisha] was solvent extracted and characterized with respect to various physical constants e.g. refractive index, moisture, crude fat, crude fibre and ash contents; and chemical parameters e.g. saponification value, saponification equivalent value, acid value, iodine value, acetyl value, peroxide value, thiocyanogen value, Reichert-Meissl value, Polenske value, Hehner value etc. and compared with those of different oils. Results also compared with the data available in literature about pharmacological aspects of Hilsha fish lipid. The oil contain high percentage of palmitic acid followed by myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, respectively, as confirmed by chromatographic examinations. However, investigation lipid sample against the microbial species was inconclusive
Subject(s)
Animals , Fish Oils , Anti-Infective Agents , Fish Oils/chemistryABSTRACT
The oil in mackerel viscera was extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) at a semi-batch flow extraction process and the fatty acids composition in the oil was identified. Also the off-flavors removal in mackerel viscera and the storage improvement of the oils were carried out. As results obtained, by increasing pressure and temperature, quantity was increased. The maximum yield of oils obtained from mackerel viscera by SCO, extraction was 118 mgg(-1) (base on dry weight of freeze-dried raw anchovy) at 50 degrees C, 350 bar And the extracted oil contained high concentration of EPA and DHA. Also it was found that the autoxidation of the oils using SCO2 extraction occurred very slowly compared to the oils by organic solvent extraction. The off-flavors in the powder after SCO2 extraction were significantly removed. Especially complete removal of the trimethylamine which influences a negative compound to the products showed. Also other significant off-flavors such as aldehydes, sulfur-containing compounds, ketones, acids or alcohols were removed by the extraction.